Medicine And Human Welfare Essay Example

Medication And Human Welfare Paper Maimonides (1135-1204), Jewish rationalist and doctor, conceived in Cordoba, Spain. He was otherwise called Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, or, from the initials of his name, Rambam. Following the catch of Cordoba in 1148 by the Almohads, who forced Islam on Christians and Jews the same, Maimonidess family chose to emigrate. Following quite a while of meandering they at last settled in Cairo. There Maimonides in the end turned into the central rabbi of Cairo and doctor to Saladin, king of Egypt and Syria. The commitments of Maimonides to the Medicine and human government assistance. Helpful guide is quite often political. Its administrations and associations with clear political plans who administer most philanthropic assets. A nearby gander at remote guide shows that the personal circumstance of the giver as opposed to philanthropy as a rule inspires such projects. The French coordinated financial guide, fundamentally to previous African states, for quite a long time so as to facilitate a Francophone people group. In the interim, European guide projects to the Palestinians are an approach to practice a conciliatory job in a contention wherein the vast majority of the shots are called by the Americans. Remote AID is viewed as purchasing impact. We will compose a custom article test on Medicine And Human Welfare explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Medicine And Human Welfare explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Medicine And Human Welfare explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer While setting up a reasonable association between financial reliance and political consistence is dangerous, such a connection is on the brains of leaders. Also, choices on money related guide are not really founded on a fastidious similar investigation of the separate needs of different hard-hit bunches far and wide. Help programs are just negligibly identified with a target assessment of the financial circumstance of expected beneficiaries. Basically, it isn't the least fortunate that get the most cash. For instance, Palestinians get considerably bigger measures of cash per capita than do unquestionably progressively penniless populaces in Africa the Sudan, for example. There are numerous nations whose populaces endure unquestionably more than do the Palestinian Arabs on such key lists as future and normal caloric admission. Thirdly, rendering budgetary guide reinforces the benefactor political associations and states administering it. This is decisively why a few European states toy with sending cash legitimately to Mahmoud Abbas, speaking to the heroes, instead of to Hamas, saw (until further notice) as the miscreants. The way that Abbas led a degenerate and incompetent government appears to be insignificant. FOURTHLY, there is the CNN impact, which is liable for inspiring a critical segment of the philanthropic guide gave. Catastrophes that pull in the consideration of the media for expanded periods are definitely seen as great instruments for open discretion. Such fiascos are promoted upon to report liberal proposals of remote guide (not in every case completely conveyed) so as to upgrade national notorieties. The Palestinians, presently somewhat under financial attack, have a reasonable enthusiasm for hyping that they face a helpful calamity. Its a method to defeat political hindrances and accelerate deferred money related commitments. Obviously, liberal gifts (for the most part from Western states) don't generally arrive at the proposed beneficiaries. A few heads in the less-created world are shrewd at siphoning help away from the individuals who genuinely need it. Many top-positioning Palestinians have delighted in the products of the benefactors guilelessness. Also, in war-torn social orders it is the folks with the firearms who for the most part end up with the food supplies and different treats gave by benevolent outsiders. Food and medications sent to the Palestinians will perpetually wind up in the possession of the furnished local armies. PAVLOVIAN reaction of sending cash to social orders unfit to take care of their homes in business should consequently be addressed. Maimonides, the incomparable Jewish researcher of the eleventh century, built up an away from of magnanimous acts. In his view, the most important charitable deed includes help guided at empowering the beneficiary to turn out to be monetarily free. His knowledge is approved by the historical backdrop of compassionate guide in the previous century, which shows that outside monetary guide is just on a par with the capacity of a beneficiaries economy and government to utilize it judiciously and gainfully. Subsequently it isn't at all evident that sending more cash to the broken Palestinian economy will do any great. All things considered, a large number of euros moved to the PA since the 1993 Oslo Accords have been wasted and abused. Without a doubt, the Palestinian field gives a telling case of a completely useless government assistance organization, UNRWA, whose expressed objective is to set the Palestinian displaced people headed for confidence and supportable human turn of events. The desire that UNRWA will enable the exiles to reconstruct their lives and quit living on noble cause stays unfulfilled. Shockingly, as per the associations own figures, the quantity of displaced people has developed, from several thousands of every 1948 to more than 4 million out of 2004. These numbers show a giant disappointment on part of UNRWA to transform the evacuees into confident people. We realize that government assistance can be addictive. On account of UNRWA, its exercises have made a multi-generational reliance. UNRWA has, indeed, become the fundamental device for not tackling the displaced person issue. UNRWA has subjected the government assistance of the individuals it should help the political needs of Israels adversaries by guaranteeing that the displaced people remain dependent on remote government assistance. In the last investigation, compassionate guide ought to be apportioned sensibly, while ensuring that it doesn't safeguard neediness and reliance. Habit can be treated in a few different ways. Without any weaning period is one methodology, and the Palestinians ought to be initiated to attempt it. REFRENCES GILBERT MURRAY, W. R. INGE, J. BURNET, SIR T. L. HEATH, D’ARCY W. THOMPSON, CHARLES SINGER, R. W. LIVINGSTON, A. TOYNBEE, A. E. ZIMMERN, PERCY GARDNER, SIR REGINALD BLOMFIELD

Political Events in Panama

Political Events in Panama Political EventsBorgmeyer 1Traci BorgmeyerPolitical Events In PanamaProfessor PoskoFebruary 1, 2004One of the most notable issues concerning the early settlement of Panama came out of the battle about the structure of the Panama Canal. The choices over who might fabricate and through which course the structure would occur, were long and hard battled; notwithstanding, it was in the end concluded that the United States would have that benefit and that they would construct the course through Colombia, thus turning into the impetus for transforming Panama into its own free state.During the numerous years that the Panama Canal has been under the all out control of the United States, it has given financial soundness as pay, accessible occupations, and so forth for the residents of the Zone and other Panamanian inhabitants. A definitive dream of opportunity for these residents, generally, was to have the Panama Canal discharged from the hands of the American Government.Panama City, tilt mov e shotIt appears that subsequent to standing by so long for this occasion, Panamanians are increasingly upset and stressed over their freshly discovered opportunity than any past desires could have warranted.Despite Ronald Reagan's protestations in 1976 of We manufactured the trench, we paid for it, and we're going to keep it, the waterway was officiallyPolitical EventsBorgmeyer 2handed back to the Panamanians in 1999, however the option to run the channel, with access to the grounds and waters required for this, and prime obligation regarding its barrier is still under the directorship and control of the American Government. Despite the fact that proprietorship has at last been gone over to Panamanians, the US despite everything remains the floating Uncle Sam, foreseeing the fumble of the zone, by giving it over to the Panama Canal Commission; which is an American open body...

Information Technology and Human Society

Data Technology and Human Society Presentation It can be contended that Information Technology (â€Å"IT†) turned into a piece of mainstream society simply after the rise of two mechanical forward leaps. The first was the development of the PC. The second mechanical advancement was the Internet. These two developments joined, drove the route to the extreme change in the manner people convey over significant distances. It additionally upgraded their ability to store, access, share, and transmit information.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Information Technology and Human Society explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The advanced world was commanded and changed by the advances that preceded like the message, radio, and TV. Be that as it may, it was an unexpected when the IT insurgency started an extreme change of human culture. After the World-Wide-Web and modern sites are added as advancements to two center advances of IT, these changed the social and business domains. In the business world, business visionaries and business pioneers found an increasingly effective approach to do purchase and sell. In the social domain individuals made a virtual characters and networks in a the internet. The Computer and Internet everything started with the formation of PCs. These are machines that have the capacity to process information at speeds that surpassed human force. In any case, the original PCs were cumbersome, costly and hard to utilize. The original machines were utilized essentially by the administration for they are the main organization that can bear the cost of this novel development. First and foremost a run of the mill PC can without much of a stretch involve the size of a normal room. All together for the IT upheaval to start, there was a requirement for the making of PCs. These are downsized for individual use, consequently the name of the gear. As an outcome of this innovative advancement the normal individual would now be able to bear to secure and utilize their own PC. In spite of the fact that, the innovation of the PC was a significant establishment stone for the approaching IT transformation, there was as yet a missing piece. After World War II researchers and specialists started to tinker with interconnected PCs (Gelb, 2007). Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf figured out how to interface various PCs and this advancement is known as the TCP/IP Protocol (Gelb, 2007). Their development prepared for globalization to happen at a quickened pace. It prompted the production of the Internet that empowered PC clients in India to convey to PC clients in the United Kingdom, the United States and even similarly as New Zealand.Advertising Looking for exposition on it? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Business Realm from the get go IT is about correspondence and the effective administration of data. Normally, it didn't take well before IT turned into the foundation of another method for working together. Think about the accompanying developments: a) sites; b) electronic mail and texting; c) a system that can be utilized to send and get records, for example, pictures, spreadsheets, and digitized archives; and d) a component that can be utilized to move assets just as purchase and sell merchandise and ventures. These developments opened new techniques for working together that was not accessible previously. The unexpected increment in PC proficiency combined with the making of refined sites that empower clients to control and advantage from various sorts of uses introduced another sort of globalization (Waters, 2001). In the past universal relations was just conceivable with heads of states, their emissaries and other influential people leading business abroad. Be that as it may, in the new type of globalization, people from various pieces of the world can impart and connect with basically no snags holding them up (Waters, 2001). This new capacity was made concei vable by sites made by organizations like Yahoo and Google. Moreover, it empowered people in a virtual network to cooperate without the advantage of an individual relationship with someone else. Social Realm IT altogether affected social advancement in the previous not many decades (Lofdah, 2002). One of the basic changes achieved by IT is the capacity to convey and associate without obstructions and exceptionally insignificant government guideline. It isn't only the speed, for example, those that can be seen with texting and email, yet additionally the way that it is hard to screen the association between people that are isolated by landmasses and seas. A cost-effective approach to impart has changed the activity showcase in a manner never observed. In the past the individuals from the network are required to look for some kind of employment inside the region. However, with the IT unrest, a UK firm can recruit and redistribute work prerequisites to somebody who lives and works in I ndia or China. Few out of every odd kind of work can be re-appropriated yet it was sufficient to fundamentally change the manner in which the activity market will be seen later on. The IT insurgency can be a constructive improvement from the perspective of the requirement for a modest and productive approach to speak with others. In any case, it tends to be an incredible asset that can be misused by deceitful people. Beside changing the elements that administer the activity showcase, the IT upset brought forth cybercrime. As indicated by a commentary:Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Information Technology and Human Society explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cybercrime is one of the terms used to mean the utilization of PC innovation to take part in unlawful action. PC wrongdoing, innovative wrongdoing and data age wrongdoing are likewise used to portray this marvel. The greater part of the cybercrime we have seen so far is just the relocati on of certifiable wrongdoings into the internet (Jewkes, 2007, p.12). One of the most significant interesting points is the manner in which individuals connect without the advantage of an up close and personal cooperation. It can make ready for the twisting of characters. A criminal can undoubtedly misuse any shortcoming in a framework and the ability to dupe by controlling inconspicuous components is something that the criminal brain discovers hard to stand up to. Unmistakably data innovation can be utilized for underhanded plans yet it must be called attention to that there are different advantages too, particularly with regards to a progressively proficient method for working together. Effect on the Business Realm With its utilization, agents had the option to situate their items to enter new markets (Susskind, Levy, Thomas-Larmer, 2000). For example, organizations in the UK had the option to increase a solid footing in socialist China (Susskind, Levy, Thomas-Larmer, 2000). Befor e, the boundaries to section were hard to manage. Be that as it may, with its assistance, businesspeople can impart without the requirement for a physical nearness. This new advancement constrained social researchers to declare that â€Å"globalization as an idea alludes both to the pressure of the world and the escalation of awareness of the world overall †¦ both cement worldwide association and cognizance of the worldwide whole† (Waters, 2001). However, globalization in the degree and profundity that one can discover today would have been outlandish without the IT upheaval. Beside cybercrime, the IT upheaval opened the entryway for a progressively advanced method for leading wrongdoing. As such the World-Wide-Web made an instrument that energized criminal behavior. Take for instance the instance of online drug stores. In a perfect setting this is a worthwhile and proficient approach to lead business. In any case, the capacity to convey tranquilizes straightforwardly to buyers can be effectively mishandled by deceitful people (Kutais, 2000). It is vital to screen and shut down outside based business ventures that concentration in the offer of illicit merchandise.Advertising Searching for paper on it? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The Internet likewise made conceivable the multiplication of unlawful natural life exchange (Barclay, 2008). The International Fund for Animal Welfare (â€Å"IFAW†) drove a global exertion to close down sites that works in China (Barclay, 2008). As per an authority of IFAW, â€Å"their examination had the option to pinpoint Chinese locales selling 1,973 things from 30 species ensured by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora or CITES† (Barclay, 2008, p.1). The IT transformation opened the entryway for criminal behavior to thrive however in the social domain there are different issues that require the consideration of guardians, adolescents, specialists and government authorities. Effect on Relationships and Identity A fascinating and simultaneously upsetting side-effect of the IT unrest is the capacity to make virtual characters and virtual networks. This marvel depends on the way that nondescript association is conceivable i n the internet. The speed, usability and modest expense of connecting with individuals that are found several miles away combined with the intensity of namelessness has encouraged numerous individuals to mingle utilizing this new medium. Be that as it may, there is one significant contrast, as per analysts in the field of augmented reality: People in virtual networks use words on screens to trade merriments and contend, take part in scholarly talk, lead business, trade information, share passionate help, make arrangements, conceptualize, tattle, fight, begin to look all starry eyed at †¦ and a great deal of inert talk. Individuals in virtual networks do simply adjoin everything individuals do, in actuality, yet we abandon our bodies (Rheingold, 1998, p.1). Data innovation has offered ascend to cyberculture. It is critical to become familiar with this wonder. It is

Harry Potter Essay - 550 Words

Harry Potter and the deathly Hallows (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Course:Instructor:Date:Harry Potter and the deathly HallowsThe movie is the last of the Harry Potter sequels written by J.K Rowling. It is a two part epic fantasy movie directed by David Yates with a script re-written by Steve Kloves. The first part starts with Rufus Scrimgeour, the Minister of Magic addressing the magic world and asserting that the strength of the ministry we still unchanged despite the fact that Voldermot has been gaining power in both worlds. Snape becomes the informant, delivering the message of Harry's whereabouts to Voldermot who takes the wand that Malfoy uses, because his is impotent when it comes to hurting Harry.Harry Potter is escorted by the Order of the Phoenix ahoy use Polyjuice Potion to create decoys. They are ambushed by the death Eaters, resulting in the deaths of two of them. Voldermot had been cheated that the only way for him to kill Harry was to obtain another wand. The Minister arrives and distributes the contents of Albus Dumbledore's will, where Harry gets the Golden Snitch. Bill Weasely and Fleur Delacour's wedding is interrupted by Death Eaters who are attempting to take over both worlds. The first part ends where Harry duels with Draco and defeats him while Dobby is murdered by Beatrix as he is in the process of escaping. In the end, Voldermot manages to infiltrate Dumbledore's grave and steal the Elder Wand.Part two is set to be released and the producers explained that it was not the first time in the production of the Franchise that a two-part film had been forwarded. The purpose of this was to give the franchise an extra hour and a half t achieve a better climax and prevent having to cut-off or modify a larger part of J.K Rowlings' book. They also promised that Part 1 was the realistic bit, with a lot of road and tan...

Title IX on Sexual and Race Discrimination - 1366 Words

Research paper Title IX What if you were told that there may be a law created intended to remove discrimination between the sexes in education and sports, or that in the matter of athletics and job occupations both men and women are given equal opportunities? Would you then agree or disagree with the ideology that both sexes are still treated different even though this law was created and the opportunities that were promised aren’t precisely indistinguishable? Title IX is not an accurate protection of sexual discrimination\, it doesnt give equal opportunities, and is unjust as far as benefits between male and female sports. Although this law allows men and women to participate in the same sports and educational fields, it†¦show more content†¦In order for schools to allow and equal set of opportunities for all female sports there must first be space at the school and in the schools budget. Consequently, due to the fact that around the time the law was created the num ber of male sports were dominant compared to female sports, the schools had to eliminate the count of male sports. A large amount of male students attempted to sue this law as stated by CBS news. The male athletes claimed that by the way the law was being enforced, they felt that their athletics departments were â€Å"losing out† to women departments. During a 60 minutes report the women who ran and swam their way through college with the assistance of athletic scholarships were called the daughters of Title IX. For instance, Julie Foudy who claims that Title IX is the blaim for her success of being a professional athlete and the reason she was the captain of a team that won the world cup. Julie remarked upon Title IX with statements such as â€Å"We were Title IX babies,† and â€Å"I think it all, it all trails back to Title IX, for sure.† For Foudy the law opened doors for opportunist and success for the male students this just so happens to not be the case. In order to comply with Title IX, the schools had to effectuate with whats called proportionality. (CBS news) Proportionality states that the portion of the school that is female must also be the portion of athletes that is female. Therefore settingShow MoreRelated Title IX and Impacts on Womens Education Essay examples1160 Words   |  5 PagesTitle IX and the impacts on women and their education HISTORY: Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 is the landmark legislation that bans sex discrimination in schools, whether it is in academics or athletics. Title IX states: No person in the U.S. shall, on the basis of sex be excluded from participation in, or denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving federal aid. Athletics has created the most controversy regardingRead MoreWhy Should Ocr Violated The Administrative Procedure Act?994 Words   |  4 Pagesmandates of the Dear Colleague Letter are not the best way to handle campus sexual assault. Universities should have a number of different options available, from mediation (as long as both parties agree) to a full blown adjudicatory hearing. When suspension or expulsion may result, the respondent must have the right to an adjudicatory hearing with robust procedural rights. More controversially, this article argues that Title IX allows universities to make these changes. The article begins by situatingRead MoreWomen s Women Faced Gender Discrimination1737 Words   |  7 PagesPrior to the 1970’s women faced gender discrimination in politics in regards to plausibility about political obligation that falls along the lines of gender. Various gender representation within a representative democracy were consistent of male supremacy. Women were denied full citizenship rights such as the right to vote. Women fought for their suffrage in order to gain the right to vote and be entitled social, civil, and moral rights for themselves. Despite the increasing presence of women inRead MoreTitle IX: Equality of Genders in School Essay1684 Words   |  7 PagesBirch Bayh of Indiana introduced Title IX. Senator Bayh said, â€Å"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.† (Bayh) It took only few months for Congress to pass Title IX. On June 23,1972, Richard Nixon signed the Title IX law, stating that, Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex. After the lawRead MoreEssay On Title 9 Law1490 Words   |  6 PagesRegulation – Title IX law Introduction The Title IX law states that: â€Å"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.† (Wikipedia) In 1964, although the Civil Right Act has been designed to punish discrimination in almost all field on account of sex, religion, race, etc., it did not realize there is discrimination in publicRead MoreTitle Ix And The Law1480 Words   |  6 Pages Gender has always been a starting point for much of the judgement in our society whether we realize it or not, and it’s exactly the causes of one of the many controversies that there is today. Title IX, the law passed to help overcome prejudice and grant girls the same opportunities as boys, is getting not only the credit it deserves but much backlash to counter it. The main purpose of this law was originally to give girls the opportunity to play the same sports as boys were able to, and thanksRead MoreThe Issue Of Sexual Discrimination On College Campuses2097 Words   |  9 PagesCHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX) has been key to characterizing the issue of sexual discrimination on college campuses. Today, the force of Title IX has an intense focus on sexual misconduct and is present in the mind of not only the administrators responsible for compliance, but administrators throughout college and university campuses as well. While just a few short years ago it was normally known as the law relating to equity in athleticsRead MoreWhat Does the Government Do in Relation to Civil Rights?660 Words   |  3 Pagessegregation between races under the title of separate but equal. The ethos of Plessy v. Ferguson was reversed in 1954 with the case of Brown v. Board of Education, which ended segregation and resulted in the racial integration of schools. More recently, in 1991, the court listed strict desegregation in the case of Darrell v. Oklahoma City. Affirmative action has been another major area of concentration with regard to civil rights, as all minorities are now protected from discrimination. The case ofRead MoreGender Bias in Everyday Life Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscriminatory practices hurt everyone involved. One of the more evident of these is discrimination based on someone’s gender. Gender bias, also known as sexism, refers to a full range of attitudes, preferences, laws, taboos and behaviors that differentiate and discriminates against the members of either sex. These may be the position of male dominance and female subjugation in modern society. It may also be in the form of sexual stereotypes between men and women, which are commonly experienced or encounteredRead MoreResearch Paper on Title Ix2507 Words   |  11 PagesTitle IX Research Paper December 11 Daniel Rose History TITLE VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 law was what many civil rights activists had been lobbying for over many years. Title VI was made to end segregation and discrimination on the basis of color, gender, and nationality for employment

Euthanasia Should Not Be Legalized in America Essay

Euthanasia refers to the intentional bringing about of the death of a patient, either by killing him/her, or by letting him/her die, for the patients sake to prevent further pain or suffering from a terminal illness. Euthanasia is a complex issue in many underlying theological, sociological, moral, and legal aspects. Its legalization is heavily debated around the world, with strong arguments made for both sides of the issue. The supporters of euthanasia often repeated that We have to respect the freedom of the patient or people should be able to exercise control over their own lives and death. However, Euthanasia, by nature, is wrongfully killing or mercy killing, and if we allow any type of euthanasia, all sorts of negative†¦show more content†¦Their true motive is to get rid of those who become a problem, so they can enjoy their lives with more time and money. Thirdly, from the medical morality perspective, euthanasia is assisting suicide that violates the morals and values of the medical world. Current mindset of doctors is to heal their patients. They have the goal to fight to the end for the lives of their patients. But, if euthanasia is allowed, doctors will be put in a mindset which implies to only help patients if they measure up to a certain standard. Therefore, life is so devalued that it no longer deserves to be fought for until the end. This mentality that once life hits a certain point, it is a hopeless situation and should be brought to an end immediately sets the medical world in the pathway that leads to all types of immoralities. Moreover, from the legislation perspective, the height of arbitrariness, injustice and abuse is reached if euthanasia is legalized, since there is no sufficient legal resort to exercising euthanasia. It is accepted the possibility that even other people may sign a request for euthanasia on behalf of the incapacitated patient and in the presence of witnesses. In addition, the law doesnt provide any specific punishment against physicians giving euthanasia without the necessary requisites. The choice of euthanasia becomes serious when it takes the form of a murder committed byShow MoreRelatedShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?864 Words   |  4 Pagescontroversy over euthanasia. Because there is a sharp conflict on the issue, some countries accept mercy killing lawful while others do not. The main arguments about the issue are whether the deliberate intervention on one’s life to the end is morally right or wrong. Some say euthanasia should be legalized because it is the only way to relieve harsh pain and meet ‘real happiness’ for the patients who are not expected to maintain their lives more. They also argue that people should respect the patients’Read MoreThe Hidden Potential Of Euthanasia1006 Words   |  5 PagesThe Hidden Potential of Euthanasia When people think of the term â€Å"dying with dignity† they will usually picture themselves living a very fulfilling life where everyone saw them as some sort of hero. Maybe they want to be seen as someone who was strong and kept up with a battle to fight disease. This same image could come to mind with a person who chose to take their own life rather than let a disease or terminal illness be the reason for them dying. There are very few people that imagine dyingRead MoreEuthanasia: The Pros and Cons1281 Words   |  6 Pages Euthanasia: The pros Anatomy Durkos Sarah Carter Jan 6, 2013 Over the years there has been a debate on whether euthanasia is a â€Å"humane† form of death. Some believe it isnt humane and others believe euthanasia is personal choice. Euthanasia is legal Australia and in four states in the united states. The legality of euthanasia is based on ethics primarily. I am pro euthanasia for many reasons; Euthanasia is cheaper, it ends the suffering of patients, and self determinism. Read MoreEuthanasia/Physician Assisted Suicide Should Not be Legalized1343 Words   |  6 Pagesof euthanasia, he felt he had no other choice. Knowing his family would disagree, he decided to ask for his doctors’ advice. The doctor knowing he would receive a cash bonus and be financially better off if he did not provide patient care advised the modest man to be euthanized. He took his doctors advice and there was nothing that would change his mind from what he thought would be the best thing for his family. Still grieving his loss till today, his family wi ll never forget how euthanasia murderedRead MoreThe Ups And Downs Of Euthanasia1288 Words   |  6 PagesMi’esha Straughn Dr. Willis 12 October 2017 ENG 101/102 Mini Term The Ups and Downs of Euthanasia Losing a loved one is an experience that no one wants to go through. Moms, dads, aunts, uncles, and the like are all an integral part of life. However, what if one of these loved ones were terminally ill and losing strength day by day? Would one want to watch them suffer, clinging on to the last bit of life that they have, or would he want to help end the suffering in a peaceful manner? These are someRead MoreEuthanasi Euthanasia And Euthanasia1692 Words   |  7 Pagesalso known as euthanasia. Many people, specifically in America, consider euthanasia as murder and against their ideals. In contrast, many specialists and other countries, as in Netherlands, believe that the idea of assisted suicide is a gesture of mercy towards terminally ill patients. Perhaps in order to construct an apt viewpoint on euthanasia, one must be knowledgeable on the background of euthanasia, along with having a clear understanding of some of the underlying terms. Euthanasia is a term â€Å"derivedRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide1504 Words   |  7 Pageslegalizing euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, we would provide â€Å"vulnerable† patients with better overall protection and health care, give patients (who are excruciatingly suffering and have no chance of recovery) the option to end their lives before they ever needed to go through such an ordeal and giving them peace of mind, and spare the families of the patients the emotional pain of watching their loved one slowly and painfully passing away. For these reasons, I believe that euthanasia and Physician-AssistedRead MoreEuthanasi A Way Out Of Suffering1742 Words   |  7 Pages Euthanasia; A Way Out Of Suffering Chelsey L. Isner Weir High School Mrs. Lengthorn Mrs. Pellegrino  Abstract Human euthanization is not something new, but it is widely believed to be unethical. In reality, human euthanization is a painless solution to a terminal illness. The topic of this paper is how euthanization for humans is not a bad thing. During the writing process questions were asked about how religion views euthanasia, if it would be used for suicidal purposes, If Belgium’s lawRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legalized?1426 Words   |  6 Pagesmain reason to oppose of assisted suicide is the fear of mistreatment of the patient, abuse of power and so on. In contrary, many see assisted suicide as a way to decrease pain in the end of life. Should Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legalized? Physician assisted suicide also known as assisted suicide, involves a physician who provides a person with knowledge or means or both to commit suicide. In physician assisted suicide, the physician s counsel about the legalRead MoreEuthanasia Discussion1441 Words   |  6 Pagesdecide when, where, and under what conditions a person is to die? This question inevitably brings up discussion of spirituality, beliefs, and legislation. Euthanasia is an idea that has been around for decades yet as we progress in technology and medical competency the discussion screams to be addressed formally by passing legislature. Euthanasia must be taken out of the hands of lawmakers and put into the hands of the thousands fatally ill patients trapped in their own bodies and/or minds. It is

Server farms Essay Example For Students

Server farms Essay Linux Clusters and Server FarmsA server farm is a group of computers which share the load of performing a particular task, such as serving up a website. A cluster, on the other hand, is a group of computers which function as a single computer. Unlike the situation with SMP, in these cases each processor has its own RAM, hard disks and so on, eliminating congestion on these resources. On the other hand, communication between the different CPUs must take place via the network instead of directly through RAM, which is very slow by comparison. So server farms or clusters only offer a significant advantage if only small amounts of data need to be transferred between the component processors. Another very important advantage is that this configuration is very scaleable. You can add more nodes to the group to increase performance. In fact many clusters start off smaller, then grow as more machines are added. Another advantage is that the nodes are not necessarily all the same. Thus you can start with a cluster of PIIIs and then add some Alpha servers to beef up the system. Although a greater variety of hardware means more maintenance, it also means you dont have to throw anything away. One interesting example of this is the Stone Soupercomputer, which is entirely made up of donated computers ranging from 486-DX2s to Alpha servers. There are a many kinds of clusters or server farms used with Linux. Round-Robin DNSOne of the most common configurations, normally used for webservers, is to have several identical servers having different IP addresses, and letting the DNS provide a different IP address each time that a remote computer requests the address of the domain name. In this case there is no communication between the individual servers, nor is there any form of load balancing between them. If you have five computers, the first request will go to the first computer, the second request to the second computer and so on.

Major Assignment Essay Example

Major Assignment Essay This assignment requires students to compile a BUSINESS REPORT based on the attached news article and related questions. 2. This assignment must be done in pairs; individual assignments will not be accepted. Preferably, you must select a person from within your tutorial group as your assignment partner. 3. Your assignment MUST be word processed. Hand written assignments will NOT be accepted. 4. Ensure that your names, ID No’s, tutors name and tutorial day and time are stated clearly on the cover page, which can be downloaded from Moodle. 5. A penalty of 10% will be deducted each day or part thereof that the assignment is late. Check late assignment policy. 6. Use proper in text referencing, footnotes and a bibliography. Plagiarized/copied assignments will be awarded a ZERO (0) mark. 7. Font size of 12 should be used with single line spacing. 8. Word limit for this assignment is 1500 words. 9. All answers will have to be submitted into TURN-IT-IN on moodle on the due date. A submission box will be made available on moodle. 10. Case Article: Read â€Å"Wainivesi seeks mining lease extension† by Rachna Lal, Fiji Sun 5th March, 2013. A copy of the article is attached on next page] Required Compile a BUSINESS REPORT based on the following questions, in light of reading the case article and relevant readings. In writing your answers, you may provide quotes from the article to support your answer. Assume that you and your partner have been appointed as consultants and have been requested by the investors of Asia Pacific Resources Limited to provide them a business report in regards to the following: * Explain which underlying ‘accounting assumption’ is managing director Mathew Huggan most concerned about and the reasons for his concerns. * â€Å"For the investors, the Government and the landowners the only way in which to earn income from Wainivesi is by operating the mine. † * Clearly explain how each party would earn income from the Wainivesi mine. | * Evaluate whether ‘exploration costs’ for mining companies’ are assets? Why or why not? | * Evaluate whether the land on which the Wainivesi Mine sits, is an asset of Asia Pacific Resources Limited or the landowners. * | * Evaluate whether the company would have a liability in regards to the damages to the environment as a result of mining. * | ~THE END~ We will write a custom essay sample on Major Assignment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Major Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Major Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Saudi Arabian Culture Essays

Saudi Arabian Culture Essays Saudi Arabian Culture Paper Saudi Arabian Culture Paper Culture can be defined by the set of value, beliefs, rules, and institutions held by a specific group of people (Wild et al, 2009, p50). It also can be simply understood by a large group of people who have a shared knowledge system. It can also be said that culture is learned, interrelated, shared by all and defines boundaries (Hall, 1977, p 16). In this case, the Saudi Arabian culture mainly revolves around the religion of Islam and its laws set out by the Koran. Islam has very strict guidelines that need to be understood and followed by all in Saudi Arabia and these guidelines is what makes Saudi Arabian culture and tradition. For businesses this means being able to know what is acceptable and legal. For example companies would need to know that all pork products are banned, as well as all alcohol and all religious books and artifacts not relating to Islam (Iexplore, 2010). Saudi Arabian culture and tradition is one that is based highly on conservatism and living their lives exactly to how the Koran sets it out. This is one country that does not bow down to Westernisation and the western way of thinking and international companies would need to take this into consideration when advertising new products or opening new offices. Saudi Arabia has a very strict dress code for women especially. Women must wear a Hijab and a full covering dress which is ankle-length because of Islamic law. Wearing clothes that are seen to be exposing a lot of skin is offensive to their religion and culture. Not only is the dress code made because of their religion, it also plays a practical role. Since Saudi Arabia has a desert climate, wearing revealing clothing all the time would leave you open to the harsh sun and sand. By wearing long flowing outfits, it protects the skin and keeps you cool. When businesses decide to move into Saudi Arabia, this dress code is something that would need to be considered highly because foreign clothes are not tolerated especially for any female employees. Women in Saudi Arabia make up about 10% of the workforce. Women in Saudi Arabia are preferred to be homemakers by society and their husbands and it is rare that they are educated or encouraged to work. If a company was to send a female employee into Saudi Arabia, other companies would be hesitant to do business with her. It would be much more desirable for the female employee to be accompanied by a man. As this is part of their business culture, sending female employees into Saudi Arabia isnt always seen as the best option, Having an understanding of Saudi Arabian business etiquette and personal manner is essential to success. The concept of time in Saudi Arabia is different than Western cultures. The Saudi working week begins on Saturday and ends on Wednesday. Thursday and Friday are the official weekend and days of rest. Office hours tend to be 9:00am-1:00pm and 4:00pm-8:00pm (Butler, 2007). When arranging meetings it is often acceptable to be a little late as arriving in a timely manner is not an issue. It is also useful to know that Saudis enjoy mixing business with pleasure. It is not uncommon for a business meeting to have a lot of small chit chat and friendly conversation rather than all business. But be careful to avoid topics such as religion, politics and women. When opening a business in Saudi Arabia it is also necessary to take into account their religious culture because this affects their day to day life. Companies must allow for prayer times which occur five times a day. They must also offer a place where Saudis can practice this.

My negotiating skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My negotiating skills - Essay Example The first scenario involved employee recruitment in which the employee offered a 20000-pound remuneration rate while the employee wanted a 25000-pound rate. The second scenario involved an employee seeking a pay rise against the employer’s will. I assumed both employer and employee situation in both cases in alternation. Each of the scenarios in the negotiation exercise involved persuasive discussions for each party. I used several negotiations skills such as asking questions, good listening ability, focusing on my relevant values to the topic of discussion, and being flexible. These skills were successful, as I won in all roles that I played. As a recruit and an employee seeking pay rise, I managed to convince the employer who agreed to my request. As an employer however, I only managed to reduce the amount that employee wanted by significant percentages, more that 75 % in each case (Pannett, et al. 2013, p. 168). I have learnt, from the simulation, that am good in negotiation and that I can incorporate different negotiation skills to win in negotiations. Negotiating for better offers as an employee was the easier aspect of the simulation because of available proofs for the desired position. Negotiating against realistic facts such as disputing an employee’s potentials and experience towards desired remuneration amount was however difficult. Ability to verify offered information is the negotiation skill that I need to develop in order to become a better negotiator. My goal for developing the skill is to be able to verify validity of offered information in a negotiation. I will measure progress by simulating negotiation scenarios, validating offered information in the scenarios, and then comparing my validation results with reality. Achieving the goal will require published resources on psychological intelligence and sensitivity, together with time and a tutor on human psychology. Being able to

Research Methodology Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Methodology - Research Paper Example Secondary research and selection process Secondary research is the process of gathering pertinent information from the work of various scholars. The data collection technique accompanies additional methods to ensure accuracy in the development of the research findings. The technique gives researchers credible basis and guidelines to improve on. Secondary sources of data include electronic resources, books, journals and appropriate publications. The resources must carry relevant information to realize the research objectives. These are identifiable based on the researcher’s judgment that determines their reliability. In this study, the researcher has identified six journals to facilitate data collection. A systematic selection procedure sample (SSPS) that ensures the use of reliable resources was instrumental in the identification of the journals. Outline of six journal articles The journals are chosen as secondary data gathering techniques based on their relevance. They provid e appropriate information after a systematic study that led to the identification of the impact of tourism in fostering peace and growth. The journals enable the realization of valid and reliable results with the capacity to influence decision-making. Paulo (2002) who is a renowned writer explores the benefits of tourism in the society. The author focused on the benefits of tourism with an aim of relaying credible information to diverse stakeholders in the industry. This is with the intention of advancing the practice. He stated that tourism is significant in shaping the economic soundness of individuals and nations. Nations that focus on growth are responsible for adopting noble tourism practices to enhance monetary and social integration. The information also equips policy makers with the information highlighting the benefits of tourism. This enables them to formulate appropriate guidelines to drive operations in the sector. This is critical since the benefits of tourism are achie vable through the development of logical polices that are economically viable. Tourism presents fiscal, cultural, ecological, political and communal benefits. The benefits lead to the improvement of economic performance, rise in the living standards of the locals and cultural integration. These elements are fundamental in developing cohesive communities that are economically vibrant. In particular, tourism contributes to the creation of jobs to the citizens; furthermore, it improves income earnings, conservation of resources and restoration of cultural practices. It fosters understanding between individuals and community members through systematic engagement that leads to cohesiveness. The practice also contributes to cultural understanding, tolerance and protection of the national heritage. As noted by Paulo (2002) tourism enables the community members to enjoy the natural resources and facilitates understanding of the historical events that shape individuals future dealings. There fore, tourism presents immense benefits that nations should adopt. This would facilitate economic growth and social amalgamation. Bull (1999) focuses on the role of tourism in the economic development in the contemporary society. The author stated that tourism influences economic performance in various settings since it contributes to the GDP or the income per-capita. The income generated by the industry contributes significantly in transforming individual’

Rapp Is Poetry Essay Example for Free

Rapp Is Poetry Essay Over the past several years, hip-hops/music standing has been tumbling. Criticizers of the genre often arguably point at the extreme cursing, degradation of women, and adoration of the gangsta lifestyle as major flaw in rap songwriting. However, it is important that these characteristics only describe a small section of hip-hop. Most rap songs are actually very poetic, as they feature the rhythms and verses, poetic devices, and themes that are crucial elements of traditional poetry. Many rappers use the rhythms and rhyme schemes that are characteristic of poetry in their songwriting. Today’s generation expresses of love, death, self-expression, personal, political, and social issues, poverty and riches, and life involvements. They entwine these thoughts artistically and creatively within strong rhythms and captivating tunes that capture the minds of the listener. The mind-set of today’s adolescence can be found within the lyrics of the music that they listen to. Both rappers and poets write about the same subjects. For example the rap unit NWA, and the poet Alice Walker, both talk about the topic of being from a compression race. Alice Walker writes in one of her poems that there is no planet stranger than the one Im from†. What she is saying is that the world is strange because people judge others by their skin color. The method NWA takes is a more arrogant one, but still expressive. In one of there most notorious the songs Fuck Tha Police, NWA says Young nigga got it bad cuz im brown, And not the other color so police think, they have the authority to kill a minority. Another common subject between poets and rappers is ghetto life. Allot of African American rapper and poets come from a life of struggle that they channel into their writing and poetry. When it comes to poets and rappers, the biggest similarities are their appeal to transfer a message. The substance may different, but the need to enduce an emotional response is the same. Its naturally focused by their view of the world or society and craving to show their point-of-view. There is repeatedly the use of metaphors in poetry and rap to express their message and some are written that allows readers or listeners to make their own analysis. Song and poetry, They both express emotions or a message in some way, And they both use a very similar method. The difference between rap and poetry is really just the message and the type off message. You will never here Shakespeare talking about bitches and hoes and you will never hear a song from Tupac about comparing thee to a summers day. So really, there is no difference between the two beside the content. At times music is viewed adversely because of the strong language and ideas. Nevertheless, there is a message fixed within that gives voice to the brilliances and troubles of the surrounding society and community in where we live. The musicians of today reproduce and repeat the works of famous legendary poets past and present mentioning on some of the same political and social issues that are still applicable today. Once these poetic pieces are researched and explored, any one can determine whether the message is relevant and effects change, good or bad, for the listener. Using poetic plans and litraure, one could create expressive and perceptive poetry that reflects their personal thoughts and thoughts and beliefs of their generation, which is what’s being done in todays music. This has been done perfectly by Accomplished Rappers such as Public Enemy, Lauren Hill, Queen Latifah and Tupac Shakur. Almost every rapper puts his soul into his work. They rap about their own original verses with their own style and they say it with passion that connects with audience. Most rappers freestyles and songs are unique, but some take lyrics from other artist so not all rap/hip hop is creative. Rap/Hip Hop is a Poetic art form that came up on new york street corners and ghettos, to what it is now. Most old school raps were just poetry with a beat behind it that gave it a flow. Just people Talking about their lives, poverties, loves, hobbies, and of course its evolved into just raw emotion and whatever was on their minds. Some people use it to write down their genuine secrets or desires, instead of just keeping them inside, or to let out some form of emotion like love for one another, love for a woman, anger, heartbreak, this showed who those people really are/ or who they want to be, dreams of being larger than life. To Some people poetry is an expression of a dream that is condensed in a method comprehensible and enjoyable to others and so likely to arouse close emotions. For others its a written expression of emotion or ideas in an arrangement of verses most often rhythmically. How can hip hop not be reflected as poetry? Beat, rhymes, metaphors, similes, economical use of language to get a point across. all poetic devices, all used in hip hop. Some of the famous poet Robert Burns most well loved poems were originally written as songs, but theyre still loved as poems. Every poem can be a good melody but every melody can not be a poetry. Song is built on the group of musical voices that would lead the auditors to forget the environments and even himself where the poem is based on the expressive letters and words, that would proceed information to the readers and is spread through educated people. Songs are worldwide that anybody can enjoy but poetry is bound to be for the educated. Most rap songs are actually very poetic, as they feature the rhythms and verses, poetic devices, and themes that are crucial elements of traditional poetry.

The Usurper in Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

The Usurper in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth there is an ambitious captain who takes the throne of Scotland by force. Let's examine his character in this paper.    Lily B. Campbell in her volume of criticism, Shakespeare's Tragic Heroes: Slaves of Passion, explores the workings of Macbeth's mind as he plots the destruction of Banquo and son :    If the witches have spoken as truly to Banquo as to him, Macbeth sees that he wears a "fruitless crown" and carries a "barren sceptre" in his hand; he has indeed given peace and immortality to make the race of Banquo kings. And he proceeds to his interview with the murderers, plotting what he dare not do openly, for the fear that comes when we are rivals for a thing and cannot both have it makes it seem to Macbeth:    That every minute of his being thrusts Against my near'st of life;    and he will kill his fear by having Banquo and Fleance both put to death.(224)    In Everybody's Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack shows how Macbeth complements his wife:    Her fall is instantaneous, even eager, like Eve's in Paradise Lost; his is gradual and reluctant, like Adam's. She needs only her husband's letter about the weyard sisters' prophecy to precipitate her resolve to kill Duncan. Within an instant she is inviting murderous spirits to unsex her, fill her with cruelty, thicken her blood, convert her mother's milk to gall, and darken the world "That my keen knife see not the wound it makes" (1.5.50). Macbeth, in contrast, vacillates. The images of the deed that possess him simultaneously repel him (1.3.130, 1.7.1) When she proposes Duncan's murder, he temporizes: "We will speak further" (1.5.69). (189)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson tells how the audience is inclined to identify with such a rogue as Macbeth:    That such a man should sacrifice all the wealth of his human spirit - his kindness, his love, his very soul - to become a victim to continual fears, a tyrant ruthlessly murdering in the vain attempt to feel safe, finally to be killed like a foul beast of prey - this is terrible, and pitiful, too. Shakespeare has here achieved for us most poignantly the ambivalence of the tragic effect Aristotle described. We The Usurper in Macbeth :: Macbeth essays The Usurper in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth there is an ambitious captain who takes the throne of Scotland by force. Let's examine his character in this paper.    Lily B. Campbell in her volume of criticism, Shakespeare's Tragic Heroes: Slaves of Passion, explores the workings of Macbeth's mind as he plots the destruction of Banquo and son :    If the witches have spoken as truly to Banquo as to him, Macbeth sees that he wears a "fruitless crown" and carries a "barren sceptre" in his hand; he has indeed given peace and immortality to make the race of Banquo kings. And he proceeds to his interview with the murderers, plotting what he dare not do openly, for the fear that comes when we are rivals for a thing and cannot both have it makes it seem to Macbeth:    That every minute of his being thrusts Against my near'st of life;    and he will kill his fear by having Banquo and Fleance both put to death.(224)    In Everybody's Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack shows how Macbeth complements his wife:    Her fall is instantaneous, even eager, like Eve's in Paradise Lost; his is gradual and reluctant, like Adam's. She needs only her husband's letter about the weyard sisters' prophecy to precipitate her resolve to kill Duncan. Within an instant she is inviting murderous spirits to unsex her, fill her with cruelty, thicken her blood, convert her mother's milk to gall, and darken the world "That my keen knife see not the wound it makes" (1.5.50). Macbeth, in contrast, vacillates. The images of the deed that possess him simultaneously repel him (1.3.130, 1.7.1) When she proposes Duncan's murder, he temporizes: "We will speak further" (1.5.69). (189)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson tells how the audience is inclined to identify with such a rogue as Macbeth:    That such a man should sacrifice all the wealth of his human spirit - his kindness, his love, his very soul - to become a victim to continual fears, a tyrant ruthlessly murdering in the vain attempt to feel safe, finally to be killed like a foul beast of prey - this is terrible, and pitiful, too. Shakespeare has here achieved for us most poignantly the ambivalence of the tragic effect Aristotle described. We

Migratory Behavior of Mallard Ducks Essay

There are four fundamental decisions that most animals make when it comes to mechanisms of adaptation: where to live, how to gather food, how to avoid predators, and what tactics to use to reproduce (Alcock, 1993). Habitat preferences in animals require satisfying their needs (ignoring or actively avoiding others, nutritional needs to perform growth, development and reproduction) at the same time experiencing higher fitness than those unable to settle in the favored habitat. There were also several hypothesis presented which correlates habitat preference and fitness. The seasonal dispersion of some animals like ducks is a costly business in terms of energetic expenses and risk to exposure to predators. On the other hand, considering dispersal cost, animals that do not respond to dispersion pay the price of deterioration due to the inability to adapt to the prevailing ecological conditions. Considering the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis (Ralls et. al, 1979), on ducks in particular, Mallard ducks may have migrated then for the purpose of expanding their genetic pool by interbreeding with Anas rubipes a close relative of the Anas playrynhos. The costly dispersal of Mallards may have been to avoid inbreeding depression primary of which is to circumvent the expression of damaging recessive alleles resulting from the mating of two closely related mates of the same species. This further correlates with the mate competition hypothesis (Moore and Ali, 1984), which states that males tend to fight against one another for mates therefore looser find it more energy efficient to seek closely related species to which they may successfully mate. When mating season is over, male disperses to avoid their daughters when these female become sexually mature. Animals engage into energetically exhaustive activity trying to complete the course of their journey to attain its fundamental goals. As the animal arrives to its destination, the issue of territoriality always comes to mind whenever a new species is introduced into a new environment and every time the visitor interacts with the native. While other animals ignore or tolerate the presence of a new species in its territory, others are extraordinarily aggressive in defending their territory from intruders. Territoriality among animals contributes to reproductive successes or failure to the contrary which further leads to interspecific competition. If suitable breeding sites really are short of supply, then one should be able to find non-territorial, non-breeding, individuals in populations of territorial animals. If this is so, the niche similarity of the visitors to the native may introduce interspecific competition with the available supplies. Territoriality may also influence the reproductive success of these visitors as it was found by Dhondt and Schillemans (1983). Territorial animals may invade the nesting sites of migratory birds which may lead to decreased viability and clutch. The ability of birds to fly and survive various environmental conditions has led to their development over time. Seasonal migration of mallard ducks (Anas platyrynchos) has been one of the intriguing aspects of its behavior. This behavior has been influenced mainly by several factors such as foraging (Heitmeyer, 2006), competition (Mc Auley, et al. , 2004), reproductive behaviors (Hill, 1984) which also includes the preservation of nesting sites, and interbreeding (Brodsky, 1989) and seasonal weather conditions (Ridgill, et al. , 1990 in D. Hill, 1992, Whyte & Bolen, 1984, Poiani & Johnson, 1991). Statement of the Problem From previous articles, it has been reported that Mallard ducks are reoccupying old territories throughout the United States and Canada (Talent, et. al. , 1983). From this observation, it can be inferred that various ecological changes in both habitat and inhabitants may take place. Since mallard ducks in this regard are annual visitors in these habitats, the temporary habitation of previous and new territories may significantly affect native animal species. With the combined hypothesis that Mallard ducks migrate from previously occupied territories due to overlapping conditions which may occupy new territories due to insufficiency of the previous, the study will assess the behavioral patterns of Mallard ducks towards returning to previous foraging territories and establishing new foraging regions (migratory routes) outside of their original habitats, specifically the study will address four major areas of concern. 1. What behavior of the Anas playrynchos determines the suitability of a habitat to be considered sufficient which helps it decide to inhabit previous foraging territories and new regions outside of their original habitats? 2. What behavioral mechanism will the Anas platyrynchos exhibit upon visiting a previous foraging territory and new regions outside of their original habitats if a highly territorial organisms was encountered upon landing? 3. What general behavioral model applies during the interaction of two closely related species (Anas rubipes and Anas platyrynchos) occupying the same niche in terms of: a. Reproductive tactics b. Foraging preferences c. Territoriality 4. What chances that the introduction of less territorial animal may cause significant adaptive stress (competitive stress) to a more territorial species? Hypotheses It is hypothesized that there is no significant differences in the previously reported behavioral mechanisms in Anas platyrynchos that helps it determine to decide on its habitat preferences. Alternatively, Anas platyrynchos establishes new migratory routes due to impending factors such as avoidance of predators, seasonal weather conditions, reproductive tactics and foraging preferences. Else, Anas platyrynchos establishes new migratory route or return to previous foraging areas due to certain conditions such as habitat destruction, scarcity of supplies needed to reproduce, and extreme territoriality between natives and migrants. Experimental Design In order to test these hypotheses, the study will be divided into two phases: the in vivo phase and in vitro phase. At the in vitro phase, groups of experimental populations of Mallard ducks will be placed in a study area which will allow observation of significant behavioral patterns relevant to foraging, reproductive tactics/quality such as mate preference, clutch size, egg size and viability, and interspecific competition. Two species of closely related species of ducks the Anas rubipes (native, will be allowed to acclimatize until such time that they one or two reproductive cycles have been achieved) and Anas platyrynchos (introduced species, will be introduced only after the native have been acclimatized well) will be situated in the same habitat which will be observed for close interaction. Behavioral patterns on mate preferences and competitive exclusion will be observed by on-site observation using a hidden observation platform. Foraging preferences will be looked upon by collection and analysis of droppings from both species. Geographical invasion of feeding territories will be looked upon by assigning quadrat areas which will be initially determined by the territorial preferences of both species of ducks. Territoriality will be measured by the number of times the more aggressive native will disturb the nesting sites of the migrants and the instance that the migrant will be driven away from a specific foraging site. Specific effects of such behavior will be measured by performing initial and final biometry of the two species of ducks. Decrease in biometric qualities from both adult and eggs would mean the inability to adapt into such competitive behavior. Possible effects of migrant foraging on native non-avian species will also be observed by recording the feeding activity of non-avian species living along the vicinity which might directly contribute to the promotion or disruption of the food chain brought about by the introduction of a new consumer. To observe the habitat preference of ducks with is natural behavior in its intact natural behavior, the in vivo phase will be done. Radio satellite transceivers will be wing banded on representative Anas platyrynchos through catch and tag method (including the alpha male) that are about to engage into seasonal journey to trace their possible destinations and stop-over. The result will be compared to previous annual migration data (20 years in succession or more depending on the available information) to establish a pattern supporting the behavioral mechanism that the ducks employ in selecting a habitat which sooth their preference. On site visitation of previously reported migration destinations will be surveyed to confirm habitation of previously occupied regions. Ecological evaluation and mapping of visited areas (stop-over and final destination) will be done and compared with other visited areas for specific pattern. Thorough monitoring of migration paths via remote sensing will be followed to confirm if ever there is a change in the migratory route. Conclusions will be based on the assessment of significant differences between the previously reported data and the novel information. Summary All in all, birds may move to various locations for survival. If the prevailing conditions decrease fitness, migratory ducks may move to different locations to continue to find food, reproduce and avoid predation. When the conditions increase fitness, these ducks will then return to their natal site where they will breed and raise their young. It may be that physical conditions and forces that govern the earth’s magnetic poles, hormonal changes, changing weather patterns or other various factors contribute to the birds’ urge to migrate to their seasonal habitats. For the purpose of this paper, the most important factor to be considered are the consequences to native animals belonging in the same niche brought about by abrupt or gradual changes in migratory routes and the resulting occupation of new or old territories. In the evolutionary perspective, animals are able to adapt into their environment mainly by employing specific behavioral mechanisms that would enable them to perfectly cope. At the event that an animal fails to establish equilibrium with its environment, serious complications arise. The study will better establish significant behavioral patterns in Mallard ducks which enable to blend in and adapt in variable habitats. Such adaptive behavior may serve as a key towards preserving animal species that are in danger of extinction simply because the adaptive behavior is not appropriate for survival. References Cited Alcock, John. 1993. Animal Behavior: an evolutionary approach, 5th ed. Sinauer Associates, USA. 279-379. Dhondt A. A. , and J. Schillemans. 1983. Reproductive success of the great tit in relation to its territorial status. Animal Behavior 31:902-912. Heitmeyer, M. E. 2006. The Importance of Winter Floods to Mallards in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Journal of Wildlife Management. Vol. 70, No. 1. pp. 101-110. Hill, David. 1992. Cold Weather Movements of Waterfowls in Western Europe. The Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 61, No. 1. Feb. , pp. 238-239. Hill, D. A. 1984. Population Regulation in the Mallard (Anas platyrynchos). Journal of Animal Ecology. 53. pp. 191-202. Mc Auley, D. G. , et. al. 2004. Dynamic use of wetlands by black Mallards: Evidence Against Competitive Exclusion. Wildlife Society Bulletin. Vol. 32. , No. 2. pp. 465-473. Poiani, K. A. , Johnson, W. C. 1991. Global Warming and Prairie Wetlands. BioScience, Vol. 41, No. 9. Oct. pp. 611-618. Talent, L. G. , et. al. 1983. Survival of Mallard Broods in South-Central North Dakota. The Condor, Vol. 85, No. 1. Feb. , 1983, pp. 74-78. Whyte, R. J. , and Bolen, E. G. 1984. Impact of Winter Stress on Mallards Body Composition. The Condor, Vol. 86, No. 4. pp. 477-482. Moore, J. , and R. Ali. 1984. Are dispersal and inbreeding avoidance related? Animal behavior 32:94-112. Ralls, K. , et. al. 1979. Inbreeding and juvenile mortality in small populations of ungulates. Science 206: 1101-1103.

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